Improvements in or relating to optical couplers

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	Improvements in or relating to optical couplers
其他题名	Improvements in or relating to optical couplers
	PING KING TIEN
	1972-08-31
专利权人	WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY INCORPORATED
公开日期	1972-08-31
授权国家	英国
专利类型	授权发明
摘要	1287035 Optical couplers WESTERN ELECTRIC CO Inc 22 Jan 1970 [24 Jan 1969 21 April 1969] 3078/70 Heading G2J [Also in Division H3] An optical coupler comprises a thin film 12, 13 of optical material the major surfaces of which are plane parallel and the index of refraction n 2 , and a prism 16 having an index of refraction n 3 , the prism being adapted for internal reflection of light at a first surface 18 disposed parallel to the major surfaces of the thin film 13 and separated therefrom by a gap of refractive index n 1 to partially frustrate the internal reflection, the major surface remote from the gap being in contact with an environment 14 (e.g. a substrate) having a refractive index n 4 , n 3 being larger than the largest of n 4 , and n 1 , and the coupler, when suitably orientated to receive a coherent light beam, providing phase-matched coupling of said beam to a wave propagating in the thin film transverse to the direction of the beam. The prism and the thin film 12 are optically decoupled beyond the region of frustrated internal reflection. The decoupling may be effected by providing the prism with a second surface 21 cut at an obtuse angle to surface 18. The gap of refractive index n 1 may be air or it may be a dielectric material. Where such a material is used the decoupling may be effected by increasing the thickness of the dielectric material. Light propagating in the thin film may be coupled out of the film using either another portion of the said input prism 16 surface, or using a second prism. In one embodiment Fig. 4 (not shown) the coupler also includes a reflector to intercept light which has passed through the prism 16. This forms an optical resonator and causes light to propagate in two directions along the thin film. Two output prisms are used in that embodiment. In another embodiment Fig. 6 the prism 86 receives a plurality of signal coherent light beams 91, 92, 93, at different angles, and phase-match couples them to different waves propagating in thin film 83. These different waves are coupled out by a prism 97. Prisms 86, 97 have multiple faces through different ones of which different beams and waves are coupled. The light propagating in the thin film may be modulated during passage therethrough; the thin film could then be gallium arsenide having its crystalline axis normal to the planes of modulating electrodes and the substrate could be sapphire. Alternatively the thin film may be a semi-conductive junction region, semiconductive material of different types being located on opposite sides of the junction region. The dielectric gap in the coupling or uncoupling region is less than one wavelength of the light waves being propagated. In an amplifier a frequency shifter Fig. 10 signal energy 211 and pump energy 225 are fed to prism 216 and hence waveguide 212. A desired abstracted beam is coupled out by prism 222.
其他摘要	1287035光耦合器WESTERN ELECTRIC CO公司1970年1月22日[1969年1月24日2169年4月21日] 3078/70标题G2J [也在H3部分]光耦合器包括光学材料薄膜12,13，其主要表面是平面平行的折射率n 2和具有折射率n 3的棱镜16，该棱镜适于在平行于薄膜13的主表面设置的第一表面18处的光的内反射，并且由第一表面18与薄膜13的主表面分开。折射率间隙n 1部分地阻止内部反射，远离间隙的主表面与折射率n 4，n 3大于n 4的最大值的环境14（例如衬底）接触，当适当地定向以接收相干光束时，耦合器提供相位匹配的所述光束耦合到在薄膜中横向于光束方向传播的波的相位匹配耦合。棱镜和薄膜12光学地分离到受抑制的内部反射区域之外。可以通过为棱镜提供与表面18成钝角切割的第二表面21来实现去耦。折射率n 1的间隙可以是空气，或者它可以是介电材料。在使用这种材料的情况下，可以通过增加介电材料的厚度来实现去耦。在薄膜中传播的光可以耦合出薄膜使用所述输入棱镜16表面的另一部分，或使用第二棱镜。在图4（未示出）的一个实施例中，耦合器还包括反射器，以拦截已穿过棱镜16的光。这形成光学谐振器并使光沿薄膜在两个方向上传播。在该实施例中使用两个输出棱镜。在图6的另一个实施例中，棱镜86以不同的角度接收多个信号相干光束91,92,93，并且相位匹配将它们耦合到在薄膜83中传播的不同波。这些不同的波通过a耦合输出。棱镜97,97棱镜86,97具有多个面，通过不同的面，不同的光束和波耦合。在薄膜中传播的光可以在通过期间被调制;然后，薄膜可以是砷化镓，其晶轴垂直于调制电极的平面，并且衬底可以是蓝宝石。或者，薄膜可以是半导体结区，不同类型的半导体材料位于结区的相对侧。耦合或解耦区域中的介电间隙小于传播的光波的一个波长。在放大器中，频移器（图10）信号能量211和泵浦能量225被馈送到棱镜216并因此被馈送到波导212.所需的抽象光束通过棱镜222耦合输出。
授权日期	1972-08-31
申请日期	1970-01-22
专利号	GB1287035A
专利状态	失效
申请号	GB1970003078
公开（公告）号	GB1287035A
IPC 分类号	G02B6/34 \| H01P \| H01S3/063 \| H01S5/00 \| H01S5/50 \| G02F1/377 \| H01S3/23 \| H01S5/40 \| G02B6/122 \| H01S3/109 \| G02F1/365 \| G02F1/39 \| G02F1/35 \| H01S3/06 \| H04B \| H01P3/20 \| H04B10/02 \| H04B10/28 \| H01S3/63
专利代理人	-
代理机构	-
文献类型	专利
条目标识符	http://ir.opt.ac.cn/handle/181661/39374
专题	半导体激光器专利数据库
作者单位	WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY INCORPORATED
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	PING KING TIEN. Improvements in or relating to optical couplers. GB1287035A[P]. 1972-08-31.

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